Biography
Malcolm Odell has worked for over 35 years in international peace-building, empowerment, participatory research, community development, strategic planning, evaluation/monitoring, conflict resolution, eco-tourism, training and management. Most recently ‘Mac’ has become known globally for the innovation of a new organization development and mobilization strategy, "Appreciative Planning and Action, (APA)" used successfully in peace building in Nepal, Sudan, Sri Lanka and Sierra Leone as well as with numerous US and international firms and organizations including a dozen Habitat for Humanity Affiliates, 250 local NGOs, and almost 400,000 poor men and women in the Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, and other Asia-Pacific countries. Of the 19 years he has lived and worked abroad, he has spent 9 years in villages of Asia and Africa, and worked with the World Bank, USAID, NORAD, IFAD, CARE, NIH, IRC, Pact, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Heifer International, as well as 5 years with the Government of Botswana in Southern Africa. His education includes a BA from Princeton and MS and PhD degrees in applied development sociology from Cornell University.

Abstract
The Contribution of Appreciative Inquiry in addressing Challenges and Prospects facing the Social Sciences and Humanities in the New Millennium
The focus of this keynote address will be on the role of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) in addressing the challenges and prospects facing the Social Sciences and Humanities in the new Millennium. A streamlined, simplified adaptation of AI, Appreciative Planning and Action (APA), will be introduced—along with its application for empowerment, community mobilization and evaluation.
The specter will be raised that by focusing our attention and critical thinking on the problems in our societies, we may actually have produced a tendency to increase rather than solve those problems. Too often this problem-focused approach has led to asking “What’s wrong? How do we fix it? And who’s to blame?” Instead, by focusing on successes, on what works, we have the potential to create more success, a process that can be replicated exponentially.
Noting that these principles are also found in today’s popular fields of Positive Psychology and Positive Deviance, three basic questions embodied in Appreciative Planning and Action are introduced that have broad application in the Social Sciences: (1) What’s working? (2) What’s ‘even better’ look like? (3) How do we get there?
The address will also trace the origins of APA in the mountains of Nepal and its application to the WORTH women’s empowerment program for hundreds of thousands of the world’s poorest, most disadvantaged women in Nepal, and community building after war in Sierra Leone.

Biography
Marcia Odell, Senior Director, Strategy Implementation and Gender Equality at Plan International USA, has over 30 years of international development experience in women’s empowerment and the support of civil society organizations and community groups to develop ownership of and accountability for gender-sensitive development programs. Dr. Odell’s experience reaches from managing USAID programming, to developing social enterprise models for scaling interventions that promote fee-for-service models for accessing micro-business development resources. Her broad-based women’s literacy and women’s empowerment projects, including WORTH programs, have reached nearly a million women and garnered a dozen international awards. Dr. Odell’s work has been recognized by the Skoll Foundation, World Bank, UN Habitat, Club of Budapest, Stanford University Graduate School of Business and Dr. Muhammad Yunus, through the Genesis Institute of Berlin. At Plan Dr. Odell heads up a team that focuses on strategy implementation, policy development, M&E, and the mainstreaming of gender equality throughout the organization and its programs around the world.

Abstract
Counting the Invisible: Challenges and Prospects for Using Data to Transform the Lives of Women and Girls in the New Millennium
This address will focus on using data to transform the lives of women and girls. While the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promise to transform the world by 2030, the reality is that most of the goals and targets cannot be measured completely. Data, in particular about women and girls, are incomplete so that hundreds of millions of girls and women are invisible. The challenges they face across the life cycle and crucial information to inform decisions to improve health, education, economic opportunity, and political participation – are all too easily ignored for lack of information and visibility.
To realize the SDGs it is essential to count the uncounted, to collect accurate local, national and global data on all women and girls in order to support gender-transformative programming, improve the capacity of decision makers to close gender gaps effectively, and hold governments to account for their commitments. Traditional ways to collect data are often inadequate and inadvertently sexist, under-reporting, for instance, women’s economic participation. New tools such as the Population Council’s Girl Roster, which focuses on identifying the most marginalized girls, are needed.
Equal Measures 2030, an independent civil society and private sector-led partnership, will monitor a set of SDG priority targets and indicators in five countries – Indonesia, India, Kenya, Senegal and Colombia – that can capture data about girls and women who have been absent from databases. Today, Big Data, including geo-spatial, satellite and mobile phone data, can shed new light on the issues that uncounted girls and women face. On a much smaller scale, unexpected examples of data influencing the design of girls’ and women’s programs such as the WORTH women’s empowerment program in Nepal, abound and are especially rich when mixed methods, including Appreciative Inquiry tools, are used.

Biography
Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed has been the Executive Director of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan since 1st February, 2013. Dr. Ahmed previously served as Deputy Director General of Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) in Rabat, Morocco. There, he was responsible for the Directorates of Education, Science, Culture and Communication, ICPSR, CPID (Planning and Strategic Division) and ISESCO regional centers. Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed holds PhD from University of California, Riverside, USA and has amassed over 25 years of educational development and management credentials. He has also been pivotal in the development of Higher Education management policy as well as Allied Matters.

Biography
Dr. Adil Najam is the Founding Dean of the Pardee School of Global Affairs at Boston University, where he is also a Professor of International relations, and of Earth and Environment. Earlier he served as the Vice Chancellor of the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) in Lahore, Pakistan. He has also taught at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and at MIT. With a PhD and two Master’s degrees from MIT, a specialization in negotiation from the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School, and an undergraduate degree from UET Lahore, Dr. Najam is an internationally recognized authority on global climate change, especially as it relates to developing countries. His scholarly work spans multiple areas related to international development policy, higher education, global governance and institutions, and global politics. He has published over a dozen books and written more than 100 scholarly papers on these subjects. Dr. Najam was a Lead Author for the third and fourth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), work for which the IPCC was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize. He serves on the Board of WWF-International and The Asia Foundation, was past Chair of the Board of the South Asia Network of Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEED) and of LEAD-Pakistan. In 2009 he was awarded the Sitara-i-Imtiaz.

Abstract
The New World Disorder: The Politics of Anti-politics
Politics is in a state of turmoil -- a turmoil born of what Adil Najam, dean of the BU Pardee School of Global Studies, calls “The Politics of Anti-Politics.” It is characterized by a deep disdain not only for politicians but also for the very idea of politics. All around the world, almost without exception, politicians are being lambasted, and politics is being viewed not just as a dirty word but as a vile act.
Our moment in history is defined by leaders everywhere who seem to defy the mold. Trump. Trudeau. Modi. Macron. Putin. Pope Francis. Erdogan. Orban. Xi Jinping. Duterte. Salman. el-Sisi. It would be both premature and pompous to proclaim that a New World Order has emerged. But it does feel as if the world order as we’ve known it is imploding before our eyes. Najam asks: Is this upheaval a blip or a new normal resulting from a perfect storm? How did we get here, and how might this moment shape our future?

Biography
Javed Jabbar is prominent Pakistani writer, advertising executive, politician, intellectual, scholar, artist, mass communication expert and former information minister. He is Chairman and Chief Executive of J.J Media (Pvt.) Ltd. and Project One (Pvt.) Ltd. and has written and produced in 2008 a new cinema feature film titled “Ramchand Pakistani” directed by his daughter, Mehreen Jabbar, which has won 5 major global awards and has been invited to 27 international film festivals to-date. He is associated with conflict resolution and cooperation initiative between Pakistan and India and in South Asia. He is a member of longest-running (non-media reported) Pakistan-India Track II process known as the Neemrana Dialogue (Since 1992).
Javed Jabbar has diverse interests in mass media, international and national affairs, the environment, and voluntary development work, social and cultural issues. As part of his voluntary work, he was re-elected for a 4-year term (2009-2012) as one of the four global Vice Presidents of IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature, the world’s largest environment organization.
He is founder of the Citizens' Media Commission of Pakistan, the South Asian Media Association and several research centres, think tanks and grass-roots development organizations including Baanhn Beli and SPO (Strengthening Participatory Organization) that work in over 2000 villages in all 4 provinces. He has served as Minister in three Federal Cabinets of Pakistan and as a Senator for a 6-year term. The Ministries and portfolios he has headed include Information & Media Development, Petroleum & Natural Resources, Science & Technology, & National Affairs. He has drafted several progressive laws and policies including the PEMRA law for private electronic media. Ten books comprising his writings on a range of subjects have been published to laudatory reviews.

Abstract
The Theme he will be going to address on the Confrence is Media and Globalization
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on the media, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well- being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though. This current wave of globalization has been driven by policies that have opened economies domestically and internationally. Technology has been the other principal driver of globalization. Advances in information technology, in particular, have dramatically transformed economic life. Information technologies have given all sorts of individual economic actors—consumers, investors, businesses—valuable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities, including faster and more informed analyses of economic trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and collaboration with far-flung partners.
Globalization is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while opponents of globalization claim that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalization has therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the flow of capital, labor, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalization.

Biography
Anita M. Weiss received her doctorate in sociology from UC Berkeley and is professor of International Studies at the University of Oregon. She has published extensively on social development, gender issues, and political Islam in Pakistan. Her recent books include Development Challenges Confronting Pakistan (co-edited with Saba Gul Khattak, Kumarian Press, 2013), Pathways to Power: the Domestic Politics of South Asia (co-edited with Arjun Guneratne, Rowman & Littlefield, 2014; South Asia edition published by Orient BlackSwan 2014) and Interpreting Islam, Modernity and Women’s Rights in Pakistan (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014; South Asia edition published by Orient BlackSwan, 2015), which analyses how distinct constituencies in Pakistan are grappling with articulating their views on women’s rights. She is currently in Pakistan on a Harry Frank Guggenheim Research Award conducting interviews for her current book project, Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan: Local Actions, Local Voices. Professor Weiss is a member of the editorial board of Globalizations, has been a member of the Research Advisory Board of the Pakistan National Commission on the Status of Women, and was the co-PI of the Karakorum International University – University of Oregon university partnership. She recently stepped down, after seven years, from being Department Head of International Studies, where she has also served as Undergraduate Studies Director and Graduate Studies Director.

Abstract
The Potential of Non-State Actors to Counter Violent Extremism in Pakistan: the Poetry of Hasina Gul
Violent extremism has manifest in myriad ways over the past decades in Pakistan. In response, the Pakistan state and military have sought to counter this extremism through different strategies. However, these have been fraught with problems, as the Qazi Faez Isa Commission Report on the Quetta attacks in August 2016 reveals. On the other hand, non-state actors – individuals along with local NGOs -- are engaging in various kinds of social negotiations and actions to lessen the violence and recapture indigenous cultural identity. These include efforts to introduce a peace studies curriculum in the Bacha Khan Foundation primary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, painting over hate speech on walls in Karachi, intervening when minorities are under attack, Pashto poetry that is “anti-Mullahism,” substantive investigative reporting in Balochistan, and community organizing among youth in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
This paper, based on interviews conducted in Mardan in January-February 2017, focuses on the poetry of Pashto poetess Hasina Gul, who has broken social barriers as this is a domain, especially in Pakhtun society, dominated by men. She has become a symbol of resistance, inspired by war and conflict, including the attacks on the Army Public School in Peshawar in December 2014 and the later terrorist attack at Bacha Khan University in Charsadda in January 2016. She also draws inspiration for her poetry from the oppression women face in her society, and how they are not given a decision-making role in their lives. Her poetry expresses powerful cultural sentiments, the kinds that have long mobilized Pakhtuns into solidarity with one another.

Biography
Dr. Chok Hiew has been a Professor of Health Psychology (Ph.D., University of Colorado, 1973) teaching at the University of New Brunswick, Canada for over 30 years. He has done numerous research psychology works in human consciousness, trauma and resilience and extensive university teaching in community and health psychology in various Asian universities over the past 25 years. He was President of the International Council of Psychologists (2005-6). His birthplace is in Penang, Malaysia where he grew up with its cultural meditation and TCM health practices. He is also a much published author/researcher and Qigong practitioner and has done pioneering work applying QiGong as an innovative psychological trauma technique in mass trauma and for effective self care. As an honored international psychologist, he has taught in numerous east Asian universities integrating psychological science with traditional eastern mind-body health practices. He has put together this contemporary effective meditative health practice as Wisdom Heart QiGong. WHQ training combines meditative postures, deep relaxation movements and breathing, and gentle mindful exercises to unify and harmonize mind and body and awaken the resilient spirit to make one whole. Emotional and biological equilibrium are restored as psychological distress evaporates and the body is freed from pain Chok’s acclaimed training workshop is entitled the “Gentle Art of Self Healing.”

Abstract
Resilience to Overcome Psychopathology: Research and Practice
Human societies throughout the ages must strive to overcome life’s diversity of adversities and conflicts that challenges their survival. That means every person can remain healthy and able to thrive even in unhealthy and traumatic environments. Research on the development of resilience provides a conceptual framework to understand the origins of health and how normal persons can regulate their lives and rebound back to health. My own research began with the development of the State and Trait Resilience Scales (STRS; Hiew, 1999). Resilience comes from three sources: a healthy self-perception, skills in self-regulation and psychosocial support and connectedness. The foundation of human resilience is the ability to restore emotional equilibrium and recover when one’s life is shattered (Hiew, 2000; 2006;2007). This finding in psychological science is consistent with the well documented relationship between stress, emotions and dysfunction. Intense and chronic negative emotions can lead to psychological dysfunction, pain and disease. Conversely, positive emotions such as gratitude and happiness (from life satisfactions) enhances resilience and wellness (Hiew, 2014). Resilience practice and training (Hiew, 2012, 2016) can regulate emotional trauma and validates the theory that emotional balance can restore resilience to calm the mind, to experience peace in the heart, and to clear out physical pain and dysfunction.

Biography
Emeritus Professor Irene Hanson Frieze starting working at the University of Pittsburgh in 1972 and retired in 2016. She was hired in Psychology and Women’s Studies to help develop the Women’s Studies Program. She came from UCLA in Los Angeles, where she received all her university degrees. Today, her major research areas are IPV (Intimate Partner Violence), psychological factors in migration, and a cross-cultural study of changing work, family, and gender attitudes in Central and Eastern Europe and the United States. She works on several other topics too. (She finds that moving from one research area to another helps keep things more interesting.)

Abstract
Internationalizing Psychological Research on Gender
Although there has been much recent issue in the failure of psychological research to replicate in later studies, I would argue that replication should not always be a goal. There are clear cultural effects that might well lead to different findings within different societies. This may well be especially true for psychological factors related to gender. In this talk, I briefly discuss some guidelines about when replication might be expected in studies on gender issues, and when there might well be cultural differences. I then suggest some ways in which international research might be more effectively done as we enhance our understanding of gender roles in different societies.

Biography
Livia Holden (PhD – School of Oriental and African Studies University of London) is Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford, where she leads the European Research Council’s funded project Cultural Expertise in Europe: What is it useful for? (EURO-EXPERT). She is also tenured full professor at the university of Padua (on leave).
Prior to Oxford she was dean of the humanities and social sciences faculty and professor of anthropology at the Karakoram International University, professor of anthropology at Lahore University of Management Sciences, lecturer of international human rights and research fellow at the Socio-Legal Research Centre at Griffith University, research fellow at Freie University, and visiting professor at Humboldt University Berlin and INALCO Paris.
She has been 2015/16 Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Nantes and 2016 Social Sciences Awardee by the Pakistan Inter-University Consortium for the Promotion of Social Sciences. She holds affiliations with the Center for the Study of Law and Society at the University of California Berkeley and Otago University.
Among her publications see: Hindu Divorce (Ashgate 2008 and Routldge 2013), Cultural Expertise and Litigation (Routledge 2011 and 2013), and Legal Pluralism and Governance in South Asia and Diasporas (Journal of Legal Pluralism 2013 and Routledge 2015). Among her co-authored documentary films see: Lady Judges of Pakistan (2013), The Paper Monster (2002), Doing Nothing Successfully (2003) and Runaway Wives (2000).

Abstract
Women Judges and Women’s Rights in Pakistan
Although the first appointment of women judges in Pakistan dates back to 1974, the significant appointment of female judge in the past decade has caused a jump in female representation in the judiciary to more than one third in family courts – a quiet move that sends a message of adherence to the principle of gender equality as per the international treaties to which Pakistan is signatory. By investigating the everyday interactions and preoccupations of women judges in their daily management of justice, this paper explores the socio-legal reception of the human rights discourse from the perspective of the female judges. The challenge in this scenario is whether this change will only be formal or whether it will also lead to substantial and accountable justice. The findings additionally elucidate how the global agenda impacts local expectations and conceptualizations of rights.
Livia Holden (PhD – School of Oriental and African Studies University of London) is Full Tenured Professor at the University of Padua. Currently, she is Senior Research at the University of Oxford in order direct the European Research Council’s funded project Cultural Expertise in Europe: What is it useful for. She has been Dean of the Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty at the Karakoram International University and professor of anthropology at LUMS. She has also served at Griffith University, Freie University, Humboldt University and holds affiliation with the University of California Berkeley and Otago University. Among her publications see: Hindu Divorce (Ashgate 2007 and Routldge 2015), Cultural Expertise and Litigation (Routledge 2011 and 2013), and Legal Pluralism and Governance in South Asia and Diasporas (Routledge 2013 and 2015).

Biography
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Nizamuddin is currently the Chairperson of the Punjab Higher Education Commission (PHEC). He brings with him an excellent academic and administrative record. Dr. Nizam did his Masters in Social Sciences from the University of Chicago and earned his PhD in the same discipline from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. During his academic career he received fellowships from USAID, SIDA and the Ford Foundation. He taught as Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina and as a Professor of Public Health at Columbia University. He has had a distinguished career with the United Nations (UN) spanning over a period of 24 years. Dr. Nizam has held several senior positions in Jordan, Egypt, and Ethiopia. He has being appointed Director for the Asia and Pacific Region and Director for Technical Policy and Division at the UN Headquarters, New York.

Abstract
Diversity, Multiculturalism and Social Order
The premise of this paper is that diversity of Pakistan, ethnic, linguistic, regional and religious presents rich historical heritage of ancient lands and societies of the country, and as such it must be respected, accommodated, and celebrated. Contrary to the prevalent view that ethnic diversity is a “problem” for national “integration”, I argue that nation and state building requires national historical contexts, and no single template will fit all cases. Any effort or scheme to conceive nationhood out of this context would only generate alienation and conflict, as it has happened in many cases. We are a multi-cultural society with many overlapping layers, bonds, affinities and similarities. This requires a social and political framework of multiculturalism to shape the identity and direction of the society. Multiculturalism however is not about the social facts of diversity, but about equal cultural significance of all. This signifies autonomy of every group to preserve native language and specific cultural strand. In my view, the source of major evil of intolerance in Pakistan—religious or ethnic—is inability or failure to recognise difference as natural and legitimate.
I would regard multiculturalism as a function of social philosophy which accords value and respect to the multiple differences that exist within the society. By denying deference and space to difference, some types of social groups assume power to judge others and attempt to exercise authority and monopoly over truth—ideal conduct, belief and ideology. This generates a psychology of fascism—imposing one’s morality and political views on others. Living through a long wave of sectarianism, terrorism and secessionist violence, it is a pertinent question to ask and deliberate upon: Is there a link between a centralised model of state formation and social attitudes of conformity and denying legitimacy to the opposite religious or political views? The central thesis is that multiculturalism—accommodation among different cultural groups—promotes social order and harmony. I will further argue for making multicultural as a core value and philosophy for the the liberal arts education.

Biography
Shaista E. Khilji received her Master’s and Doctoral degrees in International Management from the Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, England. Currently she is Professor of Human and Organizational Learning & International Affairs at the George Washington University (GW), founding editor-in-chief of the South Asian Journal of Business Studies (Emerald Publications), and affiliate faculty at Sigur Center of Asian Studies, Global Gender Program, Global Women’s Institute and Institute of Global and International Studies. She is also the Director (and architect) of Online and On-Campus graduate programs (Certificates and Master’s) in Organizational Leadership and Learning (OLL) at GW. She has been leading the curriculum design as well as delivery of the OLL Master’s programs. She has also served as member of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and Special Hearing Panel for the Office of Diversity and Inclusion at GW.
Prof. Khilji has a well-established expertise in talent development, cross-cultural management, change and leadership. She has spent her entire academic career examining how societies/ countries are increasingly faced with pressures to globalize and how they transition. Her book entitled Globalization, Change and Learning in South Asia, that highlights paradoxes and complexities of development, has received scholarly acclaim. Her most recent work focuses upon the increasing levels of socio- economic inequality globally, conceptualizing temporal dynamics within organizations, advancing understanding of macro-level global talent development, humanizing leadership education, and studying organizational paradoxes. For the past decade, she has conducted several projects, as well advised many of her graduate students in conducting research and developing programs related to enhancing leadership/ empowerment and facilitating change globally. She has recently served as the Co-PI of a US$ 1 million project (funded by the US Dept. of State) that focused upon women’s empowerment in Pakistan, by building academic partnerships and creating people to people ties. In addition, she has co-led efforts within GW to develop the next generation of USNA leaders through a Master’s degree in Leadership Education and Human Development (LEAD), and is currently working with United States Coast Guards officers in their leadership education through a Master’s degree in Organizational Leadership and Learning (OLL).
Prof. Khilji has authored more than 100 papers; publishing many scholarly articles in tier-1 academic journals, editing book chapters and presenting at conferences internationally. She has won many awards including the Best Reviewer and Outstanding Service awards from the prestigious Academy of Management, Best Paper Award from the Academy of International Business, GW’s Service Excellence Award for hosting the Clinton Global Initiative University (in the collaborative category) at GW, VALOR Award for cross-disciplinary work at GW and her case study made it to the 2017 Best Seller List at Ivey Publishing. In 2007, GW also nominated Prof. Khilji as a “Rising Star in Academia Under 40 Years of Age” for a Washingtonian magazine award.
Prof. Khilji has taught and trained a diverse audience in Hong Kong, Singapore, United States, Canada, Morocco, India, Vietnam, and Pakistan. Based upon her expertise, she has contributed to several stories published in daily newspapers and magazines globally. She has served as a consultant to many public and private sector organizations, including working on President Obama’s initiative to develop a transparent culture in the federal government and leadership development of the World Bank Family Network volunteers.
Prof. Khilji is multi-lingual- she has native knowledge of Urdu, Punjabi, and basic understanding of Arabic, Farsi and French. She hopes to use one of her sabbatical semesters to learn Arabic and French.

Abstract
Social Transformation and the Quest for Identity
We live in a rapidly changing environment facilitated by technology and an unprecedented flow of globalization. It is true that we are more connected than ever as events in one part of the world instantly reach others across the globe. While economic inter-dependencies are often talked about, social changes remain largely unexplored. This is despite the fact that recent phase of technological advancements and globalization have brought about key social transformations globally, in particular leading to the quest of an identity. What does identity look like within a geographical boundary defined in terms of sovereign states? Is it more global? Or is it more local? These questions are important in light of recent political discourse.
In this keynote address, I would use the concept of ‘social transformation’ to discuss changing self-perceptions and self-categorization that relate to identity construction in a society. I would highlight the tensions and the dilemmas that societies are faced with in creating new dynamics of interactions internally and with others externally. I would refer to the existence of multiple identities that appear to negate the emergence of a collective identity, however are quintessentially important in highlighting the complexity of social transformation in today’s globalized and technologically connected world.
I would provide examples from the US, European and emerging countries contexts. I would encourage the audience to apply some of these concept to the changing social realities in Pakistan. I would conclude by offering questions for the researchers and students to consider in framing their views of Pakistan in a global world.